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If we turn
the pages of history, we come to know that Urdu was one of the major reasons
for the creation of Pakistan. Urdu-Hindi controversy gave a new thought to the
Muslims of subcontinent that religion is not only cause, language is another
one. Through this we can understand the value of a language that how it
displayed a magnificent role in the creation of separate homeland.
A simple
question rises in our mind that what is language? The answer is language is a
source of communication through one can easily share his feelings, thoughts,
emotions etc..
Pakistan is
rich in culture and every culture promotes a language. So the numbers of
languages in Pakistan are very high. According to Dr. Tariq Rahman almost 72
languages are spoken in Pakistan. Urdu is our national language and English is
used as official language. Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, Saraiki, Balochi and
Brahavi are major languages of Pakistan. The percentage of speakers in each
language is give below.
Punjabi 44.15
Pashtu 15.42
Sindhi 14.10
Saraiki 10.53
Urdu 7.57
Balochi 3.57
Others 4.66 (source: Dr Tariq Rahman Article on Languages
of Pakistan)
Punjabi is dominant on other languages. Sindhi is the only local
language of Pakistan which is used in educational institute and in judiciary.
All other local languages do not have such privilege.
Gilgitbaltistan is poor in population but rich in languages. The
major languages are Broshaski, Wakhi, Shina and Balti in Skardu, Each tribe has
its own language and cultural songs. People are committed to their language.
Kara koram road impacts a lot on their identification. Education is their
source of income almost 98% population of Hunza Valley is educated. So, many
English words have become the part of their local languages.
The sad fact for linguist and languages is that languages are
dying. A question rises in our mind that how a language can die? The answer is
simple that when the speakers of a language die or they shift to other one. We
can call it language shift. People shift from their language when there is no
education and no jobs in their language or it is usually the case their
language looked down upon and treated with contempt. People always learn a
language which is used in education, media, jobs, commerce and in companies. I
think we ourselves kill a language for the better future.
We should not be worried because researchers have confirmed that
only one Pakistani language (Badeshi) is dead. Some are getting weekend due to
this language shift but we have to focus on it because language is backbone of
our identity.
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